.wk11. Theme Parks & Shopping Malls

•  In Margaret Crawford's Essay "The World in a Shopping Mall she outlines that 'the size and scale of a mall reflects "threshold demand"' - what is meant by this term? 
• Threshold demand, according to Crawford, is the minimum n umberof potential customers living within a geographical range of a retail space to enable it to be sold at a profit. The larger the mall or more stores involved in it, the larger the geographic space it appeals to.
• In the same article Margaret Crawford describes something called "spontaneous malling" - what does this mean?
• Urban spaces are transformed into malls without the addition of new buildings or developers to create the mall. This happens simply by closing off streets and designating them as pedestrian zones intead. 
• According to Michael Sorkin in his essay 'See you in Disneyland', how did Disneyland have its origins? 
• Specifically Disneyland was paid for by ABC in a deal made by Walt Disney. The ideas for Disneyland stem from a trip to a Railroading Fair and a visit to another amusement park in which he was disgusted by it’s horrible hygiene. 
• Michael Sorkin writes in his essay that Disney's EPCOT Center was motivated largely by frustrations Disney felt at his Anaheim CA park. What were those frustrations? 
• He was unhappy that the success of Disneyland prompted a mass building of hotels and “low commerce”. Disney was frustrated with the sullying of Disneyland and wanted to create a utopia of cleanliness for EPCOT. 
• In his essay "Travels in Hyperreality" Umberto Eco describes Disneyland as 'a place of total passivity' - what does he mean by this? 
• At Disneyland, everything is regulated and dictated by the park. The visitor is discouraged from going off the path and is sort of corralled into certain movements and directions based on the design.