.wk4.Remediation.Cyberspace.

1) According to the text "Remediation" the author uses the phrase (in relation to Hollywood's use of computer graphics) "remediation operates in both directions" - what is meant by this?


Both the original form and new media created from film borrow from and re-create each other. Traditional film is rewriting digital graphics to work within their medium, and digital graphics people are rewriting film to create new works within their medium.


2) What does Michael Benedikt, author of "Cyberspace the First Steps" introduction argue had happened to modern city by the late 60s, having become more than 'a collection of buildings and streets'?



By the late 60’s the city became an “immense node of communications, a messy nexus of messages, storage and transportation facilities, a massive education machine”. It essentially became an overwhelming hub of media.


3) In his short story "Skinner's Room" William Gibson describes how Skinner watches a tiny portable 'pop-up' TV set. What can skinner no longer remember? (remediation in relation to television as an idea is neatly summed up in this sentence!)


In the story, Skinner can no longer remember when he stopped being able to distinguish commercials from programming.


4) Author of the famous pamphlet "Culture Jamming" Mark Dery paraphrases Umberto Eco and his phrase "semiological guerrilla warfare". What does this mean?


“Semiological guerrilla warfare” is Umberto Eco’s idea that an audience can read and interpret messages in a variety of ways and has the ability to control their interpretation of said message.


5) From Mark Dery's pamphlet, briefly describe "Subvertising".


Subvertising is a form of “Culture Jamming” described by Dery almost as anti-advertising. He expands to define it as the “production and dissemination of anti-ads”, in his case along Madison Avenue in the form of sneak attack posters late at night.